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Learn different methods to calculate percentages with step-by-step instructions
To find X% of Y, multiply Y by X/100. For example, 20% of 50 is 50 × 20/100 = 10.
To increase a value by X%, multiply the original value by (1 + X/100). For example, increasing 100 by 20% gives 100 × 1.2 = 120.
To decrease a value by X%, multiply the original value by (1 - X/100). For example, decreasing 100 by 20% gives 100 × 0.8 = 80.
To find what percentage X is of Y, divide X by Y and multiply by 100. For example, 25 is 25/50 × 100 = 50% of 50.
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Find answers to common questions about percentage calculations
A percentage is a way of expressing a number as a fraction of 100. It is denoted using the percent sign (%). For example, 45% is equal to 45/100 or 0.45.
To calculate a percentage of a number, multiply the number by the percentage divided by 100. For example, to find 20% of 50, calculate 50 × (20/100) = 10.
To calculate percentage increase, subtract the original value from the new value, divide that by the original value, and multiply by 100. For example, if a price increases from $50 to $60, the percentage increase is ((60-50)/50) × 100 = 20%.
To calculate percentage decrease, subtract the new value from the original value, divide that by the original value, and multiply by 100. For example, if a price decreases from $60 to $50, the percentage decrease is ((60-50)/60) × 100 = 16.67%.
A percentage point is the absolute difference between two percentages. For example, if an interest rate increases from 5% to 7%, it has increased by 2 percentage points, but the percentage increase is 40% (because (7-5)/5 × 100 = 40%).
To convert a fraction to a percentage, divide the numerator by the denominator and multiply by 100. For example, 3/4 = 0.75 × 100 = 75%.
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